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The 1MΩ 1W resistor is a fixed-value resistor designed for applications requiring moderate power dissipation. It is used to limit current, divide voltage, and protect components in various electronic circuits. This resistor is suitable for power supply circuits, audio equipment, and other applications where reliable performance and moderate power handling are essential.

Key Features:

• Fixed resistance value of 1MΩ
• Power rating of 1 watt
• Flame-resistant coating for safety
• High reliability and stability
• Axial leads for easy mounting on printed circuit boards (PCBs)
• Suitable for a wide range of electronic applications

Technical Specifications:

• Resistance Value: 1MΩ
• Power Rating: 1W
• Tolerance: ±5% (J) or ±1% (F), depending on the model
• Temperature Coefficient: ±200 ppm/°C
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +155°C
• Body Size: Approx. 4.0mm (Diameter) x 11.5mm (Length)
• Lead Diameter: Approx. 0.6mm
• Material: Metal oxide film or carbon film
• Maximum Working Voltage: 250V
• Maximum Overload Voltage: 400V

Applications:

• Power Supplies: Used in power supply circuits for current limiting and voltage division.
• LED Drivers: Ideal for controlling the current flow in LED circuits.
• Audio Equipment: Suitable for audio crossover networks and other audio applications.
• General Electronics: Used in a variety of electronic devices and circuits.
• Industrial Equipment: Suitable for industrial control and automation systems.

Usage:

1. Identify the resistor’s resistance value and power rating by reading the color code or label.
2. Solder the resistor onto the PCB or connect it into the circuit using the axial leads.
3. Ensure the resistor is placed in a location that allows for adequate heat dissipation.
4. Verify the resistor’s connections and test the circuit to ensure proper operation.

Caution:

• Do not exceed the resistor’s maximum power rating to avoid overheating and potential failure.
• Ensure proper ventilation and heat dissipation when using the resistor in high-power applications.
• Handle with care to prevent damage to the resistor’s leads and coating.
• Verify the resistor’s resistance value and tolerance before use in precision circuits.

The 1kΩ 1W resistor is a fixed-value resistor designed for applications requiring moderate power dissipation. It is used to limit current, divide voltage, and protect components in various electronic circuits. This resistor is suitable for power supply circuits, audio equipment, and other applications where reliable performance and moderate power handling are essential.

Key Features:

• Fixed resistance value of 1kΩ
• Power rating of 1 watt
• Flame-resistant coating for safety
• High reliability and stability
• Axial leads for easy mounting on printed circuit boards (PCBs)
• Suitable for a wide range of electronic applications

Technical Specifications:

• Resistance Value: 1kΩ
• Power Rating: 1W
• Tolerance: ±5% (J) or ±1% (F), depending on the model
• Temperature Coefficient: ±200 ppm/°C
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +155°C
• Body Size: Approx. 4.0mm (Diameter) x 11.5mm (Length)
• Lead Diameter: Approx. 0.6mm
• Material: Metal oxide film or carbon film
• Maximum Working Voltage: 250V
• Maximum Overload Voltage: 400V

Applications:

• Power Supplies: Used in power supply circuits for current limiting and voltage division.
• LED Drivers: Ideal for controlling the current flow in LED circuits.
• Audio Equipment: Suitable for audio crossover networks and other audio applications.
• General Electronics: Used in a variety of electronic devices and circuits.
• Industrial Equipment: Suitable for industrial control and automation systems.

Usage:

1. Identify the resistor’s resistance value and power rating by reading the color code or label.
2. Solder the resistor onto the PCB or connect it into the circuit using the axial leads.
3. Ensure the resistor is placed in a location that allows for adequate heat dissipation.
4. Verify the resistor’s connections and test the circuit to ensure proper operation.

Caution:

• Do not exceed the resistor’s maximum power rating to avoid overheating and potential failure.
• Ensure proper ventilation and heat dissipation when using the resistor in high-power applications.
• Handle with care to prevent damage to the resistor’s leads and coating.
• Verify the resistor’s resistance value and tolerance before use in precision circuits.

The CD4017 is a 5-stage decade counter/driver that is commonly used in sequential logic applications. It is part of the CMOS 4000 series and features high noise immunity and low power consumption. The IC is capable of counting from 0 to 9 and provides 10 decoded outputs, making it suitable for a variety of applications such as LED chasers, frequency dividers, and event counters.

Key Features:

• 5-stage decade counter with 10 decoded outputs
• High-speed operation
• Synchronous and asynchronous clear
• High noise immunity
• Low power consumption
• Wide supply voltage range
• Direct drive for LEDs

Technical Specifications:

• Operating Voltage: 3V to 15V
• Maximum Clock Frequency: 5 MHz (at Vcc = 10V)
• Output Drive Capability: 10 LSTTL loads
• Power Consumption: 0.25 mW (typical)
• Propagation Delay Time: 70 ns (at Vcc = 10V)
• Package Types: 16-pin PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +125°C

Pin Configuration:

1. Q0 – Output 0
2. Q1 – Output 1
3. Q2 – Output 2
4. Q3 – Output 3
5. Q4 – Output 4
6. Q5 – Output 5
7. Q6 – Output 6
8. Q7 – Output 7
9. Q8 – Output 8
10. Q9 – Output 9
11. Clock Inhibit – Inhibits the clock input if HIGH
12. Clock – Clock input
13. Carry Out – Used to cascade additional counters
14. Ground (GND) – Connect to system ground
15. Reset – Resets the count to zero when HIGH
16. Vcc – Supply voltage

Applications:

• LED chasers and sequencers
• Frequency dividers
• Event counters
• Display drivers
• Digital clocks
• Automated testing systems
• Electronic games

Usage:

1. Connection:
   • Connect Vcc to the supply voltage (3V to 15V) and GND to ground.
   • Connect the clock input to the desired clock signal.
   • Use the reset pin to reset the counter to zero when needed.
   • Utilize the decoded outputs (Q0-Q9) for driving LEDs, relays, or other loads.
2. Cascading:
   • Use the carry-out pin to cascade multiple CD4017 ICs for higher counting ranges.
3. Control:
   • Use the clock inhibit pin to pause the counting operation when required.
   • Implement control logic using the decoded outputs for complex sequential operations.

Caution:

• Ensure the supply voltage does not exceed the maximum rated voltage to avoid damage.
• Handle the IC carefully to prevent damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Avoid short-circuiting the output pins to prevent excessive current draw.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the CD4017 Datasheet.

The CD4017 is a 5-stage decade counter/driver that is commonly used in sequential logic applications. It is part of the CMOS 4000 series and features high noise immunity and low power consumption. The IC is capable of counting from 0 to 9 and provides 10 decoded outputs, making it suitable for a variety of applications such as LED chasers, frequency dividers, and event counters.

Key Features:

• 5-stage decade counter with 10 decoded outputs
• High-speed operation
• Synchronous and asynchronous clear
• High noise immunity
• Low power consumption
• Wide supply voltage range
• Direct drive for LEDs

Technical Specifications:

• Operating Voltage: 3V to 15V
• Maximum Clock Frequency: 5 MHz (at Vcc = 10V)
• Output Drive Capability: 10 LSTTL loads
• Power Consumption: 0.25 mW (typical)
• Propagation Delay Time: 70 ns (at Vcc = 10V)
• Package Types: 16-pin PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +125°C

Pin Configuration:

1. Q0 – Output 0
2. Q1 – Output 1
3. Q2 – Output 2
4. Q3 – Output 3
5. Q4 – Output 4
6. Q5 – Output 5
7. Q6 – Output 6
8. Q7 – Output 7
9. Q8 – Output 8
10. Q9 – Output 9
11. Clock Inhibit – Inhibits the clock input if HIGH
12. Clock – Clock input
13. Carry Out – Used to cascade additional counters
14. Ground (GND) – Connect to system ground
15. Reset – Resets the count to zero when HIGH
16. Vcc – Supply voltage

Applications:

• LED chasers and sequencers
• Frequency dividers
• Event counters
• Display drivers
• Digital clocks
• Automated testing systems
• Electronic games

Usage:

1. Connection:
   • Connect Vcc to the supply voltage (3V to 15V) and GND to ground.
   • Connect the clock input to the desired clock signal.
   • Use the reset pin to reset the counter to zero when needed.
   • Utilize the decoded outputs (Q0-Q9) for driving LEDs, relays, or other loads.
2. Cascading:
   • Use the carry-out pin to cascade multiple CD4017 ICs for higher counting ranges.
3. Control:
   • Use the clock inhibit pin to pause the counting operation when required.
   • Implement control logic using the decoded outputs for complex sequential operations.

Caution:

• Ensure the supply voltage does not exceed the maximum rated voltage to avoid damage.
• Handle the IC carefully to prevent damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Avoid short-circuiting the output pins to prevent excessive current draw.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the CD4017 Datasheet.

The CD4017 is a 5-stage decade counter/driver that is commonly used in sequential logic applications. It is part of the CMOS 4000 series and features high noise immunity and low power consumption. The IC is capable of counting from 0 to 9 and provides 10 decoded outputs, making it suitable for a variety of applications such as LED chasers, frequency dividers, and event counters.

Key Features:

• 5-stage decade counter with 10 decoded outputs
• High-speed operation
• Synchronous and asynchronous clear
• High noise immunity
• Low power consumption
• Wide supply voltage range
• Direct drive for LEDs

Technical Specifications:

• Operating Voltage: 3V to 15V
• Maximum Clock Frequency: 5 MHz (at Vcc = 10V)
• Output Drive Capability: 10 LSTTL loads
• Power Consumption: 0.25 mW (typical)
• Propagation Delay Time: 70 ns (at Vcc = 10V)
• Package Types: 16-pin PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +125°C

Pin Configuration:

1. Q0 – Output 0
2. Q1 – Output 1
3. Q2 – Output 2
4. Q3 – Output 3
5. Q4 – Output 4
6. Q5 – Output 5
7. Q6 – Output 6
8. Q7 – Output 7
9. Q8 – Output 8
10. Q9 – Output 9
11. Clock Inhibit – Inhibits the clock input if HIGH
12. Clock – Clock input
13. Carry Out – Used to cascade additional counters
14. Ground (GND) – Connect to system ground
15. Reset – Resets the count to zero when HIGH
16. Vcc – Supply voltage

Applications:

• LED chasers and sequencers
• Frequency dividers
• Event counters
• Display drivers
• Digital clocks
• Automated testing systems
• Electronic games

Usage:

1. Connection:
   • Connect Vcc to the supply voltage (3V to 15V) and GND to ground.
   • Connect the clock input to the desired clock signal.
   • Use the reset pin to reset the counter to zero when needed.
   • Utilize the decoded outputs (Q0-Q9) for driving LEDs, relays, or other loads.
2. Cascading:
   • Use the carry-out pin to cascade multiple CD4017 ICs for higher counting ranges.
3. Control:
   • Use the clock inhibit pin to pause the counting operation when required.
   • Implement control logic using the decoded outputs for complex sequential operations.

Caution:

• Ensure the supply voltage does not exceed the maximum rated voltage to avoid damage.
• Handle the IC carefully to prevent damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Avoid short-circuiting the output pins to prevent excessive current draw.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the CD4017 Datasheet.

The 220Ω 1W resistor is a fixed-value resistor designed for applications requiring moderate power dissipation. It is used to limit current, divide voltage, and protect components in various electronic circuits. This resistor is suitable for power supply circuits, audio equipment, and other applications where reliable performance and moderate power handling are essential.

Key Features:

• Fixed resistance value of 220Ω
• Power rating of 1 watt
• Flame-resistant coating for safety
• High reliability and stability
• Axial leads for easy mounting on printed circuit boards (PCBs)
• Suitable for a wide range of electronic applications

Technical Specifications:

• Resistance Value: 220Ω
• Power Rating: 1W
• Tolerance: ±5% (J) or ±1% (F), depending on the model
• Temperature Coefficient: ±200 ppm/°C
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +155°C
• Body Size: Approx. 4.0mm (Diameter) x 11.5mm (Length)
• Lead Diameter: Approx. 0.6mm
• Material: Metal oxide film or carbon film
• Maximum Working Voltage: 250V
• Maximum Overload Voltage: 400V

Applications:

• Power Supplies: Used in power supply circuits for current limiting and voltage division.
• LED Drivers: Ideal for controlling the current flow in LED circuits.
• Audio Equipment: Suitable for audio crossover networks and other audio applications.
• General Electronics: Used in a variety of electronic devices and circuits.
• Industrial Equipment: Suitable for industrial control and automation systems.

Usage:

1. Identify the resistor’s resistance value and power rating by reading the color code or label.
2. Solder the resistor onto the PCB or connect it into the circuit using the axial leads.
3. Ensure the resistor is placed in a location that allows for adequate heat dissipation.
4. Verify the resistor’s connections and test the circuit to ensure proper operation.

Caution:

• Do not exceed the resistor’s maximum power rating to avoid overheating and potential failure.
• Ensure proper ventilation and heat dissipation when using the resistor in high-power applications.
• Handle with care to prevent damage to the resistor’s leads and coating.
• Verify the resistor’s resistance value and tolerance before use in precision circuits.

The 4N35 is a general-purpose optocoupler that consists of an infrared LED and a silicon phototransistor. It is designed to provide electrical isolation between input and output circuits while allowing signal transmission. This optocoupler is widely used in applications requiring noise isolation, signal isolation, and interface compatibility between high voltage and low voltage systems.

Key Features:

• High isolation voltage (typically 5,000 Vrms)
• Fast switching speed
• Low input current requirements
• Wide operating temperature range
• Compact and reliable design
• Compatible with various digital and analog circuits

Technical Specifications:

• Isolation Voltage: 5,000 Vrms (min)
• Input LED Forward Voltage: 1.2V (typ), 1.5V (max)
• Input LED Forward Current: 10mA (typ), 60mA (max)
• Collector-Emitter Voltage (VCEO): 30V (max)
• Collector Current (IC): 50mA (max)
• Current Transfer Ratio (CTR): 20% to 300% (at IF = 10mA, VCE = 5V)
• Rise Time (tr): 3µs (typ)
• Fall Time (tf): 2µs (typ)
• Package Type: 6-pin DIP
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +100°C

Applications:

• Signal isolation in communication systems
• Switching power supplies
• Microcontroller interface isolation
• Motor control circuits
• Industrial automation systems
• Data acquisition systems

Usage:

1. Circuit Design:
   • Connect the anode of the input LED to the control signal source and the cathode to the ground, through a current-limiting resistor.
   • Connect the collector of the phototransistor to the load or the microcontroller input, and the emitter to the ground.
2. Current Limiting:
   • Calculate and use an appropriate current-limiting resistor for the LED input to ensure it operates within the specified current range.
3. Isolation:
   • Ensure that the input and output sides of the optocoupler are properly isolated to prevent electrical interference and maintain safety.
4. Testing:
   • Verify the functionality of the optocoupler by applying a control signal to the LED input and observing the output response.

Caution:

• Handle the optocoupler with care to avoid damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Verify the electrical ratings and ensure the device operates within specified limits to avoid damage.
• Keep the input and output circuits isolated to maintain the integrity of the isolation barrier.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the 4N35 Datasheet.

The PLC44 to DIP40 IC Socket Adapter is designed to convert a 44-pin PLCC (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) IC package into a 40-pin DIP (Dual Inline Package) socket configuration. This adapter enables the use of PLCC ICs in DIP socket-compatible PCBs and prototyping setups, simplifying integration and testing.

Key Features:

• Convenient Conversion: Adapts a 44-pin PLCC IC for use with a 40-pin DIP socket.
• High-Quality Construction: Built with durable materials to ensure reliable connections and longevity.
• Gold-Plated Contacts: Provides excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance.
• Compact Form Factor: Suitable for use with standard breadboards and PCB mountings.
• Easy Installation: Allows for quick and straightforward installation and removal of ICs.

Technical Specifications:

• Package Type: PLC44 to DIP40
• Pin Pitch (PLCC): 1.27mm
• Pin Pitch (DIP): 2.54mm
• Material: FR4 PCB, Gold-plated contacts
• Dimensions: Varies by model
• Weight: Lightweight design
• Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C
• Mounting Type: Through-hole

Applications:

• Prototyping: Enables the use of PLCC ICs on DIP-compatible breadboards and prototype boards.
• Development: Facilitates the integration of PLCC devices into DIP-based circuit designs.
• Repair and Replacement: Useful for adapting PLCC ICs in existing DIP-based systems or repairs.
• Educational Use: Ideal for demonstrating the use and conversion of different IC package types.

Male headers are versatile connectors used in a wide range of electronic applications for creating pluggable connections between PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) and other components. These headers consist of a row (or rows) of pins that can be easily soldered onto a PCB, providing a reliable and reusable connection point for various electronic modules and wires.

Key Features:

• Available in various pin configurations (single, double, triple row, etc.)
• Standard 2.54mm (0.1 inch) pin pitch
• Compatible with solderless breadboards and female headers
• Gold-plated or tin-plated pins for improved conductivity and durability
• Suitable for both through-hole and surface mount applications

Technical Specifications:

• Pin Configuration: Single row, double row, etc. (varies by product)
• Pin Pitch: 2.54mm (0.1 inch)
• Pin Length: Typically 6mm to 12mm (varies by product)
• Pin Material: Brass with gold or tin plating
• Insulator Material: Plastic (typically black)
• Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to +105°C (varies by product)
• Current Rating: Typically up to 3A per pin (varies by product)

Applications:

• PCB interconnections
• Prototyping and breadboarding
• Modular electronics projects
• Embedded systems
• Connector interfaces for sensors, displays, and other peripherals

Usage:

1. Select the appropriate male header configuration for your application (single row, double row, etc.).
2. Solder the male header onto the PCB, ensuring proper alignment with the corresponding holes or pads.
3. Insert the male header pins into a matching female header, breadboard, or connector to create a secure electrical connection.
4. Ensure all connections are firm and stable before powering the circuit.

Caution:

• Verify the pin pitch and configuration to match the corresponding connectors or headers.
• Handle the pins carefully to avoid bending or damage during installation.
• Ensure proper soldering techniques to maintain reliable connections and prevent shorts.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the specific product datasheet provided by the manufacturer.

The 2.2kΩ 1W resistor is a fixed-value resistor designed for applications requiring moderate power dissipation. It is used to limit current, divide voltage, and protect components in various electronic circuits. This resistor is suitable for power supply circuits, audio equipment, and other applications where reliable performance and moderate power handling are essential.

Key Features:

• Fixed resistance value of 2.2kΩ
• Power rating of 1 watt
• Flame-resistant coating for safety
• High reliability and stability
• Axial leads for easy mounting on printed circuit boards (PCBs)
• Suitable for a wide range of electronic applications

Technical Specifications:

• Resistance Value: 2.2kΩ
• Power Rating: 1W
• Tolerance: ±5% (J) or ±1% (F), depending on the model
• Temperature Coefficient: ±200 ppm/°C
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +155°C
• Body Size: Approx. 4.0mm (Diameter) x 11.5mm (Length)
• Lead Diameter: Approx. 0.6mm
• Material: Metal oxide film or carbon film
• Maximum Working Voltage: 250V
• Maximum Overload Voltage: 400V

Applications:

• Power Supplies: Used in power supply circuits for current limiting and voltage division.
• LED Drivers: Ideal for controlling the current flow in LED circuits.
• Audio Equipment: Suitable for audio crossover networks and other audio applications.
• General Electronics: Used in a variety of electronic devices and circuits.
• Industrial Equipment: Suitable for industrial control and automation systems.

Usage:

1. Identify the resistor’s resistance value and power rating by reading the color code or label.
2. Solder the resistor onto the PCB or connect it into the circuit using the axial leads.
3. Ensure the resistor is placed in a location that allows for adequate heat dissipation.
4. Verify the resistor’s connections and test the circuit to ensure proper operation.

Caution:

• Do not exceed the resistor’s maximum power rating to avoid overheating and potential failure.
• Ensure proper ventilation and heat dissipation when using the resistor in high-power applications.
• Handle with care to prevent damage to the resistor’s leads and coating.
• Verify the resistor’s resistance value and tolerance before use in precision circuits.

The 2.2kΩ 1/4W resistor is a fixed-value resistor designed to provide a resistance of 2,200 ohms (2.2 kilohms) with a power rating of 1/4 watt (0.25W). This resistor is commonly used in electronic circuits for applications such as current limiting, voltage division, and signal processing. It offers dependable performance and is suitable for a wide range of electronic projects and devices.

Key Features:

• Resistance value of 2.2kΩ (2,200 ohms)
• Power rating of 1/4 watt (0.25W)
• High stability and reliability
• Low tolerance variations
• Suitable for various electronic applications

Technical Specifications:

• Resistance Value: 2.2kΩ (2,200 ohms)
• Power Rating: 1/4W (0.25W)
• Tolerance: ±5% (standard tolerance; other tolerances may be available)
• Temperature Coefficient: ±100 ppm/°C (typical)
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +155°C
• Body Color: Typically brown or blue (varies by manufacturer)
• Lead Material: Tin-plated copper
• Dimensions: Standard axial lead dimensions, typically 2.4mm in diameter and 6.3mm in length (may vary slightly by manufacturer)

Applications:

• Current Limiting: Controls current flow to protect sensitive components.
• Voltage Division: Used in voltage dividers for signal processing and measurement.
• Load Resistor: Provides a load in electronic circuits and power supplies.
• Biasing: Suitable for biasing transistors and other active components.
• General Purpose: Ideal for various electronic devices and systems.

Usage:

1. Identify the resistor value using its color bands or markings.
2. Solder the resistor into the circuit, ensuring proper orientation of the leads.
3. Verify the resistor’s connections to ensure it is correctly integrated into the circuit.

Caution:

• Avoid exceeding the resistor’s power rating to prevent overheating and damage.
• Handle with care to avoid bending or breaking the leads.
• Ensure that the resistor value and tolerance meet the specific requirements of your application.

The STM8S Development Board is a comprehensive platform designed for developing and prototyping with the STM8S series microcontrollers. It provides a robust set of features and peripherals to facilitate a wide range of applications, from simple embedded projects to complex industrial control systems. The board offers easy access to all the microcontroller’s functionalities and includes a variety of interfaces and connectors to enhance development efficiency.

Key Features:

• Microcontroller: Based on the STM8S series microcontroller.
• Peripheral Interfaces: Multiple GPIOs, UART, I2C, SPI, and ADC/DAC interfaces.
• Power Supply Options: Supports multiple power supply options, including USB and external sources.
• On-Board Debugging: Integrated SWIM interface for debugging and programming.
• Expandable: Pin headers for easy expansion with additional modules and shields.
• User-Friendly Design: Includes user LEDs, push buttons, and a reset button for easy development and testing.
• Software Support: Compatible with various IDEs and development tools, including STM8S firmware libraries.

Technical Specifications:

• Microcontroller: STM8S series
• Operating Voltage: 3.3V to 5V
• Communication Interfaces: UART, I2C, SPI
• Analog Inputs: Multiple ADC channels
• Digital I/O: Multiple GPIO pins
• Clock Speed: Up to 16MHz
• Memory: Flash, RAM, and EEPROM (varies by specific STM8S model)
• Dimensions: Compact and portable design

Applications:

• Embedded Systems: Ideal for developing and prototyping embedded systems.
• Industrial Control: Suitable for industrial automation and control applications.
• Education and Training: Perfect for educational purposes and hands-on learning.
• Home Automation: Can be used in home automation projects.
• Consumer Electronics: Applicable in various consumer electronic devices.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the STM8S Development Board Datasheet.

The 2.4G WiFi Built-in Transmitter Antenna is an integrated antenna designed for wireless communication in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. It is commonly used in WiFi modules and devices to transmit and receive signals within the 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band. The built-in design allows for compact integration into various devices, offering convenience and space-saving benefits.

Key Features:

• Frequency Band: 2.4 GHz ISM band (2.4 to 2.5 GHz)
• Integration: Built-in design for compact and space-saving applications
• Antenna Type: Typically monopole or PCB trace antenna
• Performance: Optimized for WiFi communication with good range and signal strength
• Connector Type: No external connector (integrated into the device)
• Material: Generally made from materials that offer good conductivity and durability

Technical Specifications:

• Frequency Band: 2.4 GHz (2.4 to 2.5 GHz)
• Antenna Type: Monopole, PCB trace, or other built-in designs
• Impedance: 50 ohms
• Gain: Typically 2 dBi to 5 dBi (varies by design)
• Polarization: Linear or vertical polarization
• Power Handling: Designed to handle standard WiFi transmission power levels
• Dimensions: Integrated into the device, size varies depending on design

Applications:

• WiFi Modules: Used in WiFi modules and devices for wireless communication.
• Consumer Electronics: Integrated into consumer electronics such as routers, smartphones, and tablets.
• Embedded Systems: Suitable for embedded systems requiring built-in wireless communication.
• IoT Devices: Applied in Internet of Things (IoT) devices where space is limited and built-in antennas are preferred.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical information, refer to the datasheet of the specific 2.4G WiFi built-in transmitter antenna used in the device, as specifications can vary based on the manufacturer and design.

The Arduino LilyPad is a flexible and washable microcontroller board designed for e-textiles and wearable electronics. It is part of the Arduino platform and features a unique design that allows it to be integrated into fabric and clothing. The LilyPad is ideal for projects that require electronic components to be embedded in textiles, enabling creative and interactive wearable technology.

Key Features:

• Microcontroller: ATmega328P, similar to Arduino Uno
• Flexible Design: Can be sewn into fabric or clothing
• Washable: Water-resistant design for washable applications (note: always check the specific model’s washing instructions)
• Connectivity: Includes a range of I/O pins for connecting sensors, actuators, and other components
• Power Supply: Can be powered via USB or external battery pack
• Programming: Compatible with the Arduino IDE for easy programming

Technical Specifications:

• Dimensions:
  • Diameter: 50 mm
• Weight: Approximately 10 g
• Operating Voltage: 2.7V to 5.5V DC
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins: 6
• Flash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
• SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328P)
• EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328P)
• Clock Speed: 16 MHz
• Communication: UART, SPI, I2C
• Power Supply: Can be powered via USB or battery (battery not included)
• Connector Types: Sewable conductive thread or wire for connections

Applications:

• Wearable Technology: Ideal for creating interactive clothing and accessories.
• E-Textiles: Used in smart fabrics and textiles for embedded electronics.
• Education: Useful for teaching electronics and programming in a hands-on manner.
• DIY Projects: Perfect for hobbyists creating custom wearable gadgets.
• Interactive Art: Enables the creation of art installations that involve electronics and textiles.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical information, refer to the Arduino LilyPad Datasheet.

The 10k Single Gear Potentiometer is an adjustable resistor with a resistance range of 0 to 10 kΩ. It features a single gear mechanism for manual adjustment of resistance. This type of potentiometer is commonly used in various electronic circuits to control voltage, adjust signal levels, and fine-tune parameters.

Key Features:

• Resistance: 10 kΩ
• Type: Single gear (single-turn) potentiometer
• Adjustment Mechanism: Manual adjustment using a rotary knob
• Mounting Type: Typically through-hole or surface-mount
• Material: Usually made from conductive carbon or metal film

Technical Specifications:

• Resistance Range: 0 to 10 kΩ
• Tolerance: Typically ±10% or ±20% (depends on the model)
• Number of Turns: Single-turn (single gear)
• Maximum Power Rating: Usually up to 0.5W
• Temperature Coefficient: Varies by model, typically around ±100 ppm/°C
• Mounting Type: Through-hole or surface-mount (varies by design)
• Adjustment Type: Rotary knob or shaft

Applications:

• Volume Control: Used in audio equipment to adjust volume levels.
• Signal Adjustment: Ideal for fine-tuning signals in electronic circuits.
• Calibration: Useful for calibrating and setting parameters in various devices.
• Control Interfaces: Applied in user interfaces for controlling devices and systems.
• Prototyping: Commonly used in electronic prototypes and experimental setups.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical information, refer to the datasheet of the specific 10k single gear potentiometer model, as specifications can vary based on the manufacturer and design.

A single male-male jumper wire features male connectors on both ends and is used for making connections between components, breadboards, and other circuit boards. These wires are essential in prototyping and development for creating temporary circuits or testing designs. They allow for easy and flexible connections without the need for soldering.

Key Features:

• Connectors: Male connectors on both ends
• Wire Type: Flexible, insulated wire for easy handling and routing
• Length: Available in various lengths to suit different project needs
• Color-Coded: Available in multiple colors for easy identification and organization
• Durability: Made from high-quality materials for reliable and repeated use
• Compatibility: Suitable for standard 2.54mm (0.1 inch) pitch headers and connectors

Technical Specifications:

• Connector Type: Male-to-male
• Wire Gauge: Typically 28 AWG
• Insulation Material: PVC or similar flexible plastic
• Pitch: 2.54mm (0.1 inch)
• Length Options: Common lengths include 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, and others
• Operating Temperature: Typically -40°C to +80°C
• Current Rating: Usually up to 1A

Applications:

• Prototyping: Ideal for making connections on breadboards and development boards.
• Educational Projects: Used in educational settings to teach electronics and programming concepts.
• DIY Electronics: Suitable for hobbyists and makers working on various electronics projects and experiments.
• Temporary Connections: Useful for creating temporary connections during development and testing.
• Interfacing Components: Facilitates connections between components and modules with male pin headers.

A set of male-female jumper wires includes multiple wires, each with a male connector on one end and a female connector on the other. These wires are commonly used in electronic prototyping and development to establish connections between components, breadboards, and circuit boards. The set typically comes in a variety of lengths and colors, making it versatile and easy to manage for various project needs.

Key Features:

• Connectors: Male connector on one end and female connector on the other
• Wire Type: Flexible, insulated wire for easy routing and manipulation
• Length Options: Set often includes wires of various lengths to suit different applications
• Color-Coded: Available in multiple colors for easy identification and organization
• Durability: High-quality materials for reliable and repeated use
• Compatibility: Fits standard 2.54mm (0.1 inch) pitch headers and connectors

Technical Specifications:

• Connector Type: Male-to-female
• Wire Gauge: Typically 28 AWG
• Insulation Material: PVC or similar flexible plastic
• Pitch: 2.54mm (0.1 inch)
• Length Options: Common lengths in the set may include 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, etc.
• Operating Temperature: Typically -40°C to +80°C
• Current Rating: Usually up to 1A

Applications:

• Prototyping: Ideal for creating and modifying circuits on breadboards and development boards.
• Educational Projects: Used for teaching and learning electronics and programming.
• DIY Electronics: Perfect for hobbyists working on various electronics projects and experiments.
• Temporary Connections: Useful for making temporary connections during the development and testing phases.
• Interfacing Modules: Facilitates connections between male pin headers and female sockets on different electronic modules and components.

The BC547 is a versatile, general-purpose NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) widely used in electronic circuits for switching and amplification purposes. It is commonly found in low-power applications and is known for its reliability and ease of use. The BC547 is suitable for a variety of applications, including signal processing, amplification, and switching.

Key Features:

• General-Purpose NPN Transistor: Suitable for a wide range of applications
• Low Power Consumption: Ideal for low-power circuits
• High Gain: Provides high current gain (hFE)
• Compact Package: TO-92 package for easy integration into various designs
• High Reliability: Proven performance in diverse electronic circuits

Technical Specifications:

• Transistor Type: NPN
• Collector-Emitter Voltage (VCEO): 45V
• Collector-Base Voltage (VCBO): 50V
• Emitter-Base Voltage (VEBO): 6V
• Collector Current (IC): 100mA
• Power Dissipation (Ptot): 500mW
• DC Current Gain (hFE): 110 to 800 (depending on the model)
• Transition Frequency (fT): 300MHz
• Package Type: TO-92
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +150°C

Applications:

• Signal amplification
• Switching applications
• General-purpose amplification
• Low-noise stages in audio equipment
• Sensor interfacing
• Hobby and DIY projects

Usage:

1. Identify the pin configuration of the transistor: Collector (C), Base (B), and Emitter (E).
2. Connect the base to the control signal through a suitable current-limiting resistor.
3. Connect the emitter to ground or negative voltage rail.
4. Connect the collector to the load or positive voltage rail, depending on the application.
5. Ensure the power supply voltage and current ratings do not exceed the transistor’s maximum ratings.

Caution:

• Avoid exceeding the maximum voltage and current ratings to prevent damage to the transistor.
• Ensure proper heat dissipation if operating near the maximum power dissipation limit.
• Handle with care to prevent damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the BC547 Datasheet.

The IRF3710 is an N-channel power MOSFET designed for high-power applications requiring efficient switching and robust performance. With a high current rating and low on-resistance, this MOSFET is ideal for use in power supplies, motor control, and various other high-power circuits.

Key Features:

• N-channel enhancement mode MOSFET
• High voltage rating: 100V
• High current rating: 57A
• Low on-resistance for efficient switching
• Fast switching speed
• Rugged and reliable construction
• Suitable for high-frequency applications

Technical Specifications:

• Type: N-channel MOSFET
• Drain-Source Voltage (Vds): 100V
• Continuous Drain Current (Id): 57A
• Pulsed Drain Current (Id, Pulse): 230A
• Gate-Source Voltage (Vgs): ±20V
• Rds(on): 0.020Ω (maximum) at Vgs = 10V
• Total Gate Charge (Qg): 160nC (typical)
• Gate-Source Threshold Voltage (Vgs(th)): 2.0V – 4.0V
• Power Dissipation (Pd): 200W
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +175°C
• Package Type: TO-220

Applications:

• Switched-mode power supplies (SMPS)
• Motor control circuits
• Inverters and converters
• High-power DC-DC converters
• Load switches
• Audio amplifiers
• Power management systems

Usage:

1. Connect the drain terminal to the high-voltage load.
2. Connect the source terminal to the ground or low-side of the circuit.
3. Apply a suitable gate voltage (Vgs) to control the switching operation.
4. Use a gate resistor if needed to control the switching speed and reduce noise.
5. Ensure proper heat sinking to manage power dissipation and avoid overheating.

Caution:

• Handle the MOSFET carefully to avoid damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Verify the voltage and current ratings before use to ensure compatibility with your circuit.
• Ensure adequate cooling and heat dissipation to prevent thermal overload.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the IRF3710 Datasheet.

The Arduino Uno R3 is a popular microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It is designed for easy integration into a wide range of applications, from hobby projects to professional prototyping. The board features a comprehensive set of I/O pins, communication interfaces, and power options, making it ideal for learning, experimentation, and development of embedded systems.

Key Features:

• Microcontroller: ATmega328P
• 14 Digital I/O Pins (6 PWM outputs)
• 6 Analog Input Pins
• Clock Speed: 16 MHz
• USB connection for programming and power
• 32KB Flash Memory (0.5KB used by bootloader)
• 2KB SRAM and 1KB EEPROM
• Built-in Power LED
• Supports SPI, I2C, and UART communication

Technical Specifications:

• Microcontroller: ATmega328P
• Operating Voltage: 5V
• Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
• Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins: 6
• DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
• Flash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
• SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328P)
• EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328P)
• Clock Speed: 16 MHz
• USB Connector: Type B
• Dimensions: 68.6 mm x 53.4 mm
• Weight: 25 g

Applications:

• Embedded system prototyping
• DIY electronics projects
• Educational tools for learning programming and electronics
• Robotics
• IoT (Internet of Things) devices
• Automation and control systems

Usage:

1. Programming:
   • Connect the Arduino Uno R3 to your computer using a USB cable.
   • Open the Arduino IDE and select the board and correct COM port.
   • Write your program (sketch) and upload it to the board.
2. Powering:
   • The board can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply (7-12V recommended).
   • External power can be supplied through the power jack or via the Vin pin.
3. Interfacing:
   • Use the digital and analog I/O pins to connect sensors, actuators, and other components.
   • Utilize communication interfaces like SPI, I2C, and UART for connecting to other devices and modules.

Caution:

• Avoid exceeding the maximum current ratings to prevent damage to the board.
• Ensure proper handling to avoid static discharge which can damage the microcontroller.
• Use a proper power supply to avoid over-voltage damage.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the Arduino Uno R3 Datasheet.

The 2N5551 is an NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) designed for general-purpose applications, including amplification and switching. It offers high voltage capabilities and high current handling, making it suitable for a wide range of electronic circuits, from audio amplifiers to power management systems.

Key Features:

• Type: NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
• High Voltage Rating: Capable of withstanding high voltage levels
• High Current Capability: Suitable for medium to high current applications
• High Gain: Provides effective amplification for various signals
• Compact Package: Available in a TO-92 package for easy integration

Technical Specifications:

• Collector-Emitter Voltage (Vce): 60V
• Collector-Base Voltage (Vcb): 60V
• Emitter-Base Voltage (Veb): 6V
• Collector Current (Ic): 15A
• Power Dissipation (Ptot): 1W
• DC Current Gain (hFE): 50 to 400
• Transition Frequency (ft): 100MHz
• Package Type: TO-92

Applications:

• Signal Amplification: Ideal for amplifying audio and low-frequency signals
• Switching: Suitable for switching applications in various electronic circuits
• Power Amplification: Used in power amplifiers and related circuits
• Power Management: Effective in power management and regulation systems
• General Purpose: Versatile for various general-purpose electronic applications

Usage:

1. Circuit Design: Integrate the 2N5551 transistor into your circuit according to the desired application.
2. Biasing: Properly bias the transistor to ensure optimal performance in amplification or switching.
3. Connection: Connect the collector, base, and emitter terminals correctly in your circuit.
4. Testing: Test the circuit to ensure the transistor operates as intended.

Caution:

• Voltage and Current Limits: Adhere to the maximum voltage and current ratings to prevent damage.
• Heat Dissipation: Ensure adequate heat management to avoid overheating, especially in high-current applications.
• Static Electricity: Handle with care to prevent damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the 2N5551 Transistor Datasheet.

The TIP124 is an NPN Darlington transistor composed of two bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) configured in a Darlington pair. This configuration provides high current gain and allows it to switch large loads with relatively low control current.

Key Features:

• Transistor Type: NPN Darlington pair transistor.
• Maximum Collector-Base Voltage (V_CB): Typically 100V.
• Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage (V_CE): Typically 100V.
• Maximum Emitter-Base Voltage (V_EB): Typically 5V.
• Collector Current (I_C): Rated up to 5A continuous.
• Power Dissipation (P_D): Maximum power dissipation is typically around 65W.
• Gain (h_FE): Very high current gain due to the Darlington configuration.
• Package Type: TO-220 package, which provides good thermal conductivity and mechanical strength.

Technical Specifications:

• Operating Temperature Range: Typically -65°C to +150°C.
• Package Type: TO-220, suitable for through-hole mounting.
• Mounting Style: Through-hole mounting for easy integration into circuit boards or heat sinks.
• Pin Configuration: Base (B), Collector (C), Emitter (E).
• Applications: Commonly used in power supply circuits, motor drivers, solenoid control, and other high-current switching applications.

Applications:

• Power Supply Circuits: Used for regulating and switching power supplies.
• Motor Drivers: Controls DC motors and stepper motors.
• Relay Drivers: Provides the necessary current to activate electromagnetic relays.
• General Switching: Suitable for various high-current switching applications.

Datasheet: For detailed technical information, refer to the TIP124 datasheet.

A Tact Switch, also known as a tactile switch, is a type of switch designed to provide a tactile feedback when pressed. These switches are commonly used in electronic devices for user input, such as in keyboards, remote controls, and various consumer electronics. Tact switches are known for their compact size, reliability, and ease of integration into circuits.

Key Features:

• Tactile Feedback: Provides a satisfying click feel when pressed.
• Compact Size: Small and suitable for space-constrained applications.
• Reliability: Durable and designed for a high number of actuation cycles.
• Variety of Sizes: Available in different sizes and heights to fit various designs.
• Easy Mounting: Can be mounted on PCBs with through-hole or surface-mount technology.
• Wide Application Range: Suitable for a variety of electronic devices and applications.

Technical Specifications:

• Contact Rating: Typically 50mA, 12V DC
• Contact Resistance: ≤ 100mΩ
• Insulation Resistance: ≥ 100MΩ at 100V DC
• Dielectric Strength: 250V AC for 1 minute
• Operating Force: Typically 160gf (varies by model)
• Travel: Typically 0.25mm to 0.5mm
• Operating Life: Typically 100,000 to 1,000,000 cycles
• Operating Temperature Range: -20°C to +70°C

Applications:

• Consumer Electronics: Used in remote controls, calculators, and gaming controllers.
• Computer Peripherals: Keyboards, mice, and other input devices.
• Home Appliances: Control panels for microwaves, washing machines, and other appliances.
• Automotive: Control buttons on car dashboards and steering wheels.
• Industrial Equipment: Control panels and user interfaces for machinery.
• DIY Projects: Suitable for custom electronic projects and prototypes.

Usage:

1. Mounting: Solder the tact switch onto a PCB, ensuring correct alignment of the pins.
2. Wiring: Connect the switch to your circuit, typically using pull-up or pull-down resistors.
3. Testing: Verify the switch functionality by pressing it and checking the response in your circuit.
4. Integration: Integrate the switch into your final product, ensuring it is accessible and functions as intended.

Caution:

• Debouncing: Implement debouncing in your software to ensure accurate readings.
• Proper Soldering: Avoid excessive heat during soldering to prevent damage to the switch.
• Environmental Conditions: Ensure the switch is used within its specified temperature and humidity range.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the Tact Switch Datasheet.