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The GY-291 ADXL345 is a digital accelerometer module that measures acceleration in three axes (X, Y, and Z) and provides high-resolution data for gravity tilt and motion sensing applications. With its low power consumption and wide range of functionalities, it is ideal for various projects, including robotics, gaming, and industrial applications.

Key Features:

• Three-Axis Measurement: Measures acceleration in X, Y, and Z axes.
• High Resolution: 13-bit resolution with a measurement range of ±2g, ±4g, ±8g, or ±16g.
• Low Power Consumption: Operates on low power, making it suitable for battery-powered devices.
• Digital Output: I2C and SPI digital interfaces for easy integration with microcontrollers.
• Built-in Motion Detection: Features tap, double-tap, activity, inactivity, and free-fall detection.
• Tilt Sensing: Accurate gravity tilt sensing capabilities.

Technical Specifications:

• Supply Voltage: 3V to 5V
• Measurement Range: ±2g, ±4g, ±8g, ±16g
• Resolution: 13-bit
• Interface: I2C, SPI
• Data Rate: 0.1Hz to 3200Hz
• Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C
• Dimensions: 14mm x 13mm x 2mm
• Weight: 1g

Applications:

• Robotics: Motion and tilt sensing for robots and drones.
• Gaming: Enhances gaming experience by detecting motion and orientation.
• Industrial Automation: Vibration monitoring and tilt sensing in industrial machines.
• Wearable Devices: Motion detection in fitness trackers and smartwatches.
• DIY Projects: Suitable for various DIY electronics projects requiring motion sensing.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the ADXL345 Datasheet.

The 2.4G WiFi Built-in Transmitter Antenna is an integrated antenna designed for wireless communication in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. It is commonly used in WiFi modules and devices to transmit and receive signals within the 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band. The built-in design allows for compact integration into various devices, offering convenience and space-saving benefits.

Key Features:

• Frequency Band: 2.4 GHz ISM band (2.4 to 2.5 GHz)
• Integration: Built-in design for compact and space-saving applications
• Antenna Type: Typically monopole or PCB trace antenna
• Performance: Optimized for WiFi communication with good range and signal strength
• Connector Type: No external connector (integrated into the device)
• Material: Generally made from materials that offer good conductivity and durability

Technical Specifications:

• Frequency Band: 2.4 GHz (2.4 to 2.5 GHz)
• Antenna Type: Monopole, PCB trace, or other built-in designs
• Impedance: 50 ohms
• Gain: Typically 2 dBi to 5 dBi (varies by design)
• Polarization: Linear or vertical polarization
• Power Handling: Designed to handle standard WiFi transmission power levels
• Dimensions: Integrated into the device, size varies depending on design

Applications:

• WiFi Modules: Used in WiFi modules and devices for wireless communication.
• Consumer Electronics: Integrated into consumer electronics such as routers, smartphones, and tablets.
• Embedded Systems: Suitable for embedded systems requiring built-in wireless communication.
• IoT Devices: Applied in Internet of Things (IoT) devices where space is limited and built-in antennas are preferred.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical information, refer to the datasheet of the specific 2.4G WiFi built-in transmitter antenna used in the device, as specifications can vary based on the manufacturer and design.

The PIC12F509 is an 8-bit microcontroller from Microchip’s PIC series, designed for low-power and compact applications. It features a minimalistic design with essential peripherals, making it ideal for simple control tasks in embedded systems where space and power efficiency are critical.

Key Features:

• 8-bit architecture
• 1KB Flash program memory
• 64 bytes SRAM data memory
• 64 bytes Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
• 5 I/O pins
• 8-bit Timer0
• 8-bit Watchdog Timer (WDT)
• Low-power sleep mode

Technical Specifications:

• Operating Voltage: 2.0V to 5.5V
• Operating Frequency: Up to 8MHz
• Program Memory Size: 1KB (Flash)
• Data Memory Size: 64 bytes SRAM
• EEPROM Size: 64 bytes
• Number of I/O Pins: 5
• Timers: 8-bit Timer0
• Package Type: 8-pin DIP, 8-pin SOIC

Applications:

• Low-power sensors and controls
• Simple automation tasks
• Consumer electronics
• Battery-powered devices
• Basic monitoring and logging systems

Usage:

1. Connect the microcontroller to a power supply within the operating voltage range.
2. Program the microcontroller using its Flash program memory for specific application tasks.
3. Utilize the 5 I/O pins for interfacing with external devices.
4. Implement timing functions with the 8-bit Timer0 and manage low-power states with the sleep mode.

Caution:

• Ensure the microcontroller is powered within the specified voltage range to avoid damage.
• Adhere to maximum current ratings for I/O pins.
• Handle the microcontroller carefully to prevent static discharge damage.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the PIC12F509 Datasheet.

The 7S 15A 18650 LiPo Battery Management System (BMS) with Protection Board is designed for managing and protecting lithium-ion battery packs consisting of seven series-connected 18650 cells. This BMS ensures safe operation by monitoring cell voltages, balancing charge among cells, and providing protection against overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short circuits.

Key Features:

• Cell Configuration: Supports 7 series (7S) 18650 LiPo cells.
• Current Rating: Handles continuous discharge currents up to 15A.
• Protection: Offers overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection.
• Cell Balancing: Balances cell voltages to maintain battery health and performance.
• Compact Design: Small and lightweight for easy integration into battery packs.
• Heat Dissipation: Designed to dissipate heat effectively, ensuring stable operation.
• LED Indicators: May include LED indicators for status monitoring (depending on the model).

Technical Specifications:

• Battery Configuration: 7S (7 cells in series)
• Max Continuous Discharge Current: 15A
• Overcharge Protection Voltage: Typically set around 4.25V per cell
• Over-discharge Protection Voltage: Typically set around 2.5V per cell
• Overcurrent Protection: Activated at currents exceeding 15A
• Short-circuit Protection: Immediate shutdown in the event of a short circuit
• Balance Current: Typically around 50mA to 100mA per cell
• Dimensions: Varies by manufacturer, typically designed to fit within standard battery pack enclosures

Applications:

• Electric Vehicles: Managing battery packs in e-bikes, e-scooters, and other electric vehicles.
• Portable Electronics: Ensuring safe operation of high-capacity battery packs in laptops, power banks, and other devices.
• Solar Energy Storage: Used in solar battery storage systems for balancing and protection.
• DIY Projects: Ideal for hobbyists building custom battery packs for various applications.
• RC Models: Protecting battery packs in remote-controlled aircraft, cars, and boats.

The 2N3904 is an NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) designed for general-purpose low-power switching and amplification. Renowned for its high current gain and low noise, the 2N3904 is versatile and widely used in various electronic circuits, including signal processing, switching, and low-power amplification.

Key Features:

• Type: NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
• High Gain: Provides high current gain (hFE) for effective signal amplification
• Low Noise: Suitable for low-noise applications
• Compact Package: Available in a TO-92 package, ideal for space-constrained designs

Technical Specifications:

• Collector-Emitter Voltage (Vce): 40V
• Collector-Base Voltage (Vcb): 60V
• Emitter-Base Voltage (Veb): 6V
• Collector Current (Ic): 200mA
• Power Dissipation (Ptot): 625mW
• DC Current Gain (hFE): 30 to 300
• Transition Frequency (ft): 300MHz
• Package Type: TO-92

Applications:

• Signal Amplification: Ideal for use in low-power amplification circuits
• Switching: Suitable for general-purpose switching applications
• Audio Circuits: Effective in audio signal processing and low-power amplification
• General Purpose: Versatile for various electronic applications and projects

Usage:

1. Circuit Design: Integrate the 2N3904 transistor into your circuit based on your specific application requirements.
2. Biasing: Properly bias the transistor to ensure optimal performance for amplification or switching.
3. Connection: Connect the collector, base, and emitter terminals as per your circuit design.
4. Testing: Verify the transistor’s operation in your circuit to ensure it functions correctly.

Caution:

• Voltage and Current Ratings: Adhere to the maximum voltage and current ratings to prevent damage.
• Heat Management: Ensure adequate heat dissipation to avoid overheating, especially in high-current applications.
• Static Electricity: Handle with care to avoid damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the 2N3904 Transistor Datasheet.

The Raspberry Pi SD Card 64GB is a high-capacity microSD card designed to provide ample storage for your Raspberry Pi projects. This microSD card offers a significant amount of space for operating systems, applications, data, and multimedia files, ensuring smooth and efficient performance. It is ideal for more complex and storage-intensive projects using any Raspberry Pi model with a microSD card slot.

Key Features:

• 64GB storage capacity
• Pre-loaded with the Raspberry Pi operating system (optional)
• High-speed data transfer rates
• Reliable and durable design
• Compatible with all Raspberry Pi models with a microSD card slot
• Ideal for projects requiring substantial storage space
• Easy to set up and use

Technical Specifications:

• Capacity: 64GB
• Format: MicroSDXC
• Speed Class: Class 10, UHS-I or UHS-II (varies by model)
• Read Speed: Up to 100MB/s (varies by model)
• Write Speed: Up to 90MB/s (varies by model)
• Operating Voltage: 2.7V to 3.6V
• Operating Temperature: -25°C to +85°C
• Storage Temperature: -40°C to +85°C
• Dimensions: Standard microSD card size

Applications:

• Raspberry Pi OS and application storage
• Data logging and storage
• Multimedia projects
• IoT applications
• Education and development projects
• Complex software development and testing

Datasheet:
For detailed technical information, please refer to the MicroSD Card Datasheet.

The ESP32-DevKitC is a development board based on the ESP32-WROOM-32D module, designed for prototyping IoT applications and projects. It combines Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities with a powerful dual-core processor, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.

Key Features:

• Microcontroller: ESP32-WROOM-32D with dual-core Tensilica LX6 processor.
• Wireless Connectivity: Integrated Wi-Fi (802.11b/g/n) and Bluetooth (BLE) for IoT applications.
• Peripheral Interfaces: Includes GPIOs, SPI, I2C, UART, ADC, DAC, and more for interfacing with sensors and peripherals.
• Programming: Supports Arduino IDE, ESP-IDF (Espressif IoT Development Framework), and other development environments.
• On-board Components: Typically includes USB-to-serial converter, voltage regulator, and reset button.
• Development Support: Extensive community support and documentation for rapid prototyping and development.
• Power Supply: Can be powered via USB or external power supply (5V DC).
• Form Factor: Compact size with mounting holes for easy integration into projects.
• Security: Features hardware-based security with cryptographic accelerators.

Technical Specifications:

• Dimensions: Varied, typically compact (around 52mm x 28mm).
• Memory: Up to 520 KB SRAM, external SPIRAM support.
• Operating Voltage: 3.3V (powered from USB or external supply).
• Clock Speed: Up to 240 MHz.
• Interfaces: UART, SPI, I2C, I2S, PWM, ADC, DAC, etc.
• Operating Temperature: -40°C to +85°C.

Applications:

• IoT devices and sensors.
• Home automation.
• Wearable devices.
• Industrial automation.
• Prototyping and development of wireless applications.

Datasheet: For detailed technical information, refer to the ESP32-DevKitC Datasheet.

The IR2103PBF is a high voltage, high-speed power MOSFET and IGBT driver with independent high and low side referenced output channels. It is designed to drive high-side and low-side N-channel power MOSFETs or IGBTs in a half-bridge configuration. The device features a floating channel designed for bootstrap operation, allowing it to drive the high-side switch up to 600V.

Key Features:

• Gate drive supply range from 10V to 20V
• Floating channel can be used to drive an N-channel power MOSFET or IGBT in the high-side configuration up to 600V
• Gate drive outputs: 2A peak source, 2A peak sink
• Independent high-side and low-side channels
• Under-voltage lockout for both channels
• Logic input (IR2103) compatible with standard CMOS or LSTTL outputs
• Matched propagation delay for both channels
• Low side output in phase with input signal
• High side output out of phase with input signal

Technical Specifications:

• Supply Voltage (Vcc): 10V – 20V
• Floating Supply Voltage (Vb): up to 600V
• Logic Supply Voltage (Vss): -5V – 20V
• Output Source Current (Io+): 2A
• Output Sink Current (Io-): 2A
• Gate Drive Output Voltage (Vout): 10V – 20V
• Propagation Delay: 120ns (typical)
• Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to +125°C
• Package: PDIP-8

Applications:

• Motor drive applications
• Induction heating
• UPS systems
• DC-DC converters
• Switch-mode power supplies

Datasheet:
For detailed technical information, please refer to the IR2103PBF Datasheet.

A small magnifying glass is a handheld optical device used to magnify small objects, making them appear larger for easier viewing. It is commonly used in applications such as reading small text, inspecting small objects, detailed crafts, and electronics work. Small magnifying glasses are portable, easy to use, and often come with additional features like built-in lights for enhanced visibility.

Key Features:

• Magnification: Typically ranges from 2x to 10x magnification
• Lens Diameter: Small lens diameters, commonly around 25 mm to 75 mm
• Material: Lenses are usually made from glass or high-quality acrylic
• Handle: Ergonomically designed handles for comfortable grip
• Additional Features: Some models come with built-in LED lights for better illumination

Technical Specifications:

• Magnification Power: Commonly available in 2x, 3x, 5x, 7x, and 10x magnifications
• Lens Diameter: Varies from 25 mm to 75 mm
• Lens Material: Optical glass or acrylic
• Frame Material: Plastic or metal
• Handle: Often plastic, rubber-coated, or metal with ergonomic design
• Weight: Typically lightweight, around 20 g to 100 g

Applications:

• Reading: Enhances the readability of small text in books, newspapers, and maps.
• Crafts and Hobbies: Useful for detailed work in model building, jewelry making, and other crafts.
• Electronics: Assists in inspecting small components, solder joints, and circuit boards.
• Biology and Botany: Helps in examining small specimens like insects and plant parts.
• Everyday Use: Handy for reading labels, menus, and other small print items.

Datasheet:
Small magnifying glasses generally do not have detailed datasheets, but the manufacturer or supplier can provide specifications.

The Allen key, also known as a hex key or hex wrench, is a tool used to drive screws and bolts with hexagonal sockets. The Size 2 mm Allen key is designed for use with fasteners that have a 2 mm hexagonal socket. This size is commonly used in various precision and small-scale applications.

Key Features:

• Size: 2 mm (hexagonal socket size)
• Shape: Typically L-shaped or T-shaped
• Material: Often made from high-strength steel or chrome vanadium for durability
• Finish: Commonly coated with black oxide, chrome plating, or other protective finishes to resist corrosion
• Type: Available in different designs, such as short or long arm, and sometimes with a ball end for use at an angle

Technical Specifications:

• Hexagon Size: 2 mm
• Length: Varies by design, e.g., 40 mm to 100 mm for short arms, and longer for T-handle or L-handle versions
• Material: Steel, chrome vanadium, or other hardened materials
• Finish: Black oxide, chrome-plated, or other protective coatings

Applications:

• Precision Work: Ideal for tasks involving small screws and bolts, such as in electronics, small machinery, and model assembly.
• Model Building: Commonly used in assembling and repairing model kits and hobby projects.
• Bicycles: Useful for adjustments on bicycle components that require a small hex size.
• Electronics: Essential for assembling and servicing electronic devices with small hex screws.
• Furniture Assembly: Often used for small, precision parts in flat-pack furniture.

Datasheet:
Allen keys typically do not have detailed datasheets, but specifications can be obtained from the tool manufacturer or supplier.

The SOP8 to DIP8 IC Socket Adapter is designed to facilitate the use of SOP8 (Small Outline Package) integrated circuits with DIP8 (Dual Inline Package) sockets. This adapter is ideal for prototyping and testing applications where surface-mount devices need to be used with through-hole PCB designs.

Key Features:

• Easy Conversion: Converts SOP8 ICs to DIP8 format for compatibility with standard DIP sockets.
• High-Quality Construction: Made from durable materials to ensure reliable connections.
• Gold-Plated Contacts: Provides excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance.
• Compact Design: Fits easily onto breadboards and other prototyping platforms.
• Reusable: Can be used multiple times for different projects and ICs.

Technical Specifications:

• Package Type: SOP8 to DIP8
• Pin Pitch (SOP): 1.27mm
• Pin Pitch (DIP): 2.54mm
• Material: FR4 PCB, Gold-plated contacts
• Dimensions: Varies by model
• Weight: Lightweight design
• Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C
• Mounting Type: Through-hole

Applications:

• Prototyping: Allows for easy testing of SOP8 ICs on breadboards and standard PCBs.
• Development: Facilitates the development of circuits using surface-mount devices.
• Repair and Replacement: Useful for replacing SOP8 ICs with DIP8 ICs in existing designs.
• Education: Ideal for educational purposes to demonstrate the use of different IC packages.

The 10k Single Gear Potentiometer is an adjustable resistor with a resistance range of 0 to 10 kΩ. It features a single gear mechanism for manual adjustment of resistance. This type of potentiometer is commonly used in various electronic circuits to control voltage, adjust signal levels, and fine-tune parameters.

Key Features:

• Resistance: 10 kΩ
• Type: Single gear (single-turn) potentiometer
• Adjustment Mechanism: Manual adjustment using a rotary knob
• Mounting Type: Typically through-hole or surface-mount
• Material: Usually made from conductive carbon or metal film

Technical Specifications:

• Resistance Range: 0 to 10 kΩ
• Tolerance: Typically ±10% or ±20% (depends on the model)
• Number of Turns: Single-turn (single gear)
• Maximum Power Rating: Usually up to 0.5W
• Temperature Coefficient: Varies by model, typically around ±100 ppm/°C
• Mounting Type: Through-hole or surface-mount (varies by design)
• Adjustment Type: Rotary knob or shaft

Applications:

• Volume Control: Used in audio equipment to adjust volume levels.
• Signal Adjustment: Ideal for fine-tuning signals in electronic circuits.
• Calibration: Useful for calibrating and setting parameters in various devices.
• Control Interfaces: Applied in user interfaces for controlling devices and systems.
• Prototyping: Commonly used in electronic prototypes and experimental setups.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical information, refer to the datasheet of the specific 10k single gear potentiometer model, as specifications can vary based on the manufacturer and design.

The Allen key, also known as a hex key or hex wrench, is a tool used to drive screws and bolts with hexagonal sockets. The Size 2.5 mm Allen key is designed specifically for fasteners with a 2.5 mm hexagonal socket. This small-sized Allen key is commonly used in precision applications where smaller fasteners are involved.

Key Features:

• Size: 2.5 mm (hexagonal socket size)
• Shape: Typically L-shaped or T-shaped
• Material: Generally made from high-strength steel or chrome vanadium for durability
• Finish: Often coated with black oxide, chrome plating, or other protective finishes
• Type: Available in various designs, such as short or long arm, and sometimes with a ball end for angled access

Technical Specifications:

• Hexagon Size: 2.5 mm
• Length: Varies by design, e.g., 50 mm to 100 mm for short arms, longer for T-handle or L-handle versions
• Material: Steel, chrome vanadium, or other hardened materials
• Finish: Black oxide, chrome-plated, or other corrosion-resistant coatings

Applications:

• Precision Work: Ideal for small, delicate tasks such as electronics assembly or small machinery.
• Model Building: Commonly used in hobbies and model building where small screws are used.
• Bicycles: Useful for adjustments on bicycle components that require a smaller hex size.
• Furniture Assembly: Often used in assembling small parts of flat-pack furniture.
• Electronics: Essential for assembling and servicing electronic devices with tiny hex screws.

Datasheet:
Allen keys typically do not have detailed datasheets, but specifications can be found from tool manufacturers or suppliers.

The AT24C512 is a 512-Kbit Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) organized as 65,536 words of 8 bits each. It is a high-density memory device used in a wide range of applications including industrial, automotive, and consumer electronics. The AT24C512 uses an I²C interface for communication, making it easy to integrate into various systems.

Key Features:

• Memory Size: 512 Kbits (64 KB)
• Organization: 65,536 x 8
• Interface: I²C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)
• Operating Voltage: 1.7V to 5.5V
• Data Retention: 100 years
• Endurance: 1,000,000 write cycles
• Access Time: 1 ms (byte write)
• Package Types: Available in several packages including 8-lead SOIC, TSSOP, and PDIP

Technical Specifications:

• Memory: 512 Kbits (64 KB)
• Interface: I²C-compatible (two-wire serial interface)
• Clock Frequency: Up to 1 MHz for Fast-mode Plus (FM+)
• Write Protection: Hardware write protection available via WP pin
• Temperature Range: -40°C to 85°C (industrial grade)
• Package Options: 8-lead SOIC, 8-lead TSSOP, 8-lead PDIP
• Dimensions: Varies by package, e.g., SOIC-8: 5.0 mm x 4.0 mm x 1.5 mm (typical)

Applications:

• Consumer Electronics: Used in televisions, remote controls, and gaming consoles.
• Industrial Control: Employed in data logging, sensor calibration, and system configuration storage.
• Automotive: Utilized in engine control units, infotainment systems, and other in-vehicle electronics.
• Medical Devices: Stores calibration data and patient information.
• Networking Equipment: Used in routers, switches, and other network devices for configuration settings.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical information, refer to the AT24C512 EEPROM Datasheet provided by the manufacturer.

The PIC16F877A is a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller from Microchip Technology. It features a robust set of peripherals and ample memory, making it suitable for a wide range of embedded applications, including industrial control systems, consumer electronics, and automotive systems. The PIC16F877A is known for its ease of use, reliable performance, and versatility.

Key Features:

• 8-bit microcontroller with 14-bit instruction set
• 14-bit instruction set for enhanced performance
• 368 bytes of RAM
• 256 bytes of EEPROM for non-volatile data storage
• 33 I/O pins for interfacing with external devices
• 2 Timers, 8-bit and 16-bit
• Integrated Watchdog Timer and Brown-out Reset
• Internal oscillator up to 20 MHz
• Supports various serial communication protocols (USART, SPI, I²C)
• Low power consumption with multiple power-saving modes

Technical Specifications:

• CPU: 8-bit core with 14-bit instruction set
• Flash Memory: 14 KB
• RAM: 368 bytes
• EEPROM: 256 bytes
• I/O Pins: 33
• Timers/Counters: 2 (8-bit and 16-bit)
• Serial Communication: USART, SPI, I²C
• Operating Voltage: 2.0V to 5.5V
• Clock Speed: Up to 20 MHz
• Power Consumption: Low power modes available
• Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C
• Package Type: DIP-40, PLCC-44, QFP-44

Applications:

• Industrial automation and control systems
• Consumer electronics
• Automotive electronics
• Data acquisition and measurement systems
• Robotics and automation
• Educational and prototyping projects

Usage:

1. Program the PIC16F877A using a compatible programmer or development kit.
2. Connect external peripherals and sensors to the microcontroller’s I/O pins.
3. Configure the microcontroller’s settings and features via software.
4. Integrate the microcontroller into your electronic circuit for specific tasks and control functions.

Caution:

• Handle the microcontroller with care to avoid damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Verify correct power supply voltage and connections before powering the device.
• Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for programming and operation.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the PIC16F877A Datasheet.

The CD4017 is a 5-stage decade counter/driver that is commonly used in sequential logic applications. It is part of the CMOS 4000 series and features high noise immunity and low power consumption. The IC is capable of counting from 0 to 9 and provides 10 decoded outputs, making it suitable for a variety of applications such as LED chasers, frequency dividers, and event counters.

Key Features:

• 5-stage decade counter with 10 decoded outputs
• High-speed operation
• Synchronous and asynchronous clear
• High noise immunity
• Low power consumption
• Wide supply voltage range
• Direct drive for LEDs

Technical Specifications:

• Operating Voltage: 3V to 15V
• Maximum Clock Frequency: 5 MHz (at Vcc = 10V)
• Output Drive Capability: 10 LSTTL loads
• Power Consumption: 0.25 mW (typical)
• Propagation Delay Time: 70 ns (at Vcc = 10V)
• Package Types: 16-pin PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +125°C

Pin Configuration:

1. Q0 – Output 0
2. Q1 – Output 1
3. Q2 – Output 2
4. Q3 – Output 3
5. Q4 – Output 4
6. Q5 – Output 5
7. Q6 – Output 6
8. Q7 – Output 7
9. Q8 – Output 8
10. Q9 – Output 9
11. Clock Inhibit – Inhibits the clock input if HIGH
12. Clock – Clock input
13. Carry Out – Used to cascade additional counters
14. Ground (GND) – Connect to system ground
15. Reset – Resets the count to zero when HIGH
16. Vcc – Supply voltage

Applications:

• LED chasers and sequencers
• Frequency dividers
• Event counters
• Display drivers
• Digital clocks
• Automated testing systems
• Electronic games

Usage:

1. Connection:
   • Connect Vcc to the supply voltage (3V to 15V) and GND to ground.
   • Connect the clock input to the desired clock signal.
   • Use the reset pin to reset the counter to zero when needed.
   • Utilize the decoded outputs (Q0-Q9) for driving LEDs, relays, or other loads.
2. Cascading:
   • Use the carry-out pin to cascade multiple CD4017 ICs for higher counting ranges.
3. Control:
   • Use the clock inhibit pin to pause the counting operation when required.
   • Implement control logic using the decoded outputs for complex sequential operations.

Caution:

• Ensure the supply voltage does not exceed the maximum rated voltage to avoid damage.
• Handle the IC carefully to prevent damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Avoid short-circuiting the output pins to prevent excessive current draw.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the CD4017 Datasheet.

The CD4017 is a 5-stage decade counter/driver that is commonly used in sequential logic applications. It is part of the CMOS 4000 series and features high noise immunity and low power consumption. The IC is capable of counting from 0 to 9 and provides 10 decoded outputs, making it suitable for a variety of applications such as LED chasers, frequency dividers, and event counters.

Key Features:

• 5-stage decade counter with 10 decoded outputs
• High-speed operation
• Synchronous and asynchronous clear
• High noise immunity
• Low power consumption
• Wide supply voltage range
• Direct drive for LEDs

Technical Specifications:

• Operating Voltage: 3V to 15V
• Maximum Clock Frequency: 5 MHz (at Vcc = 10V)
• Output Drive Capability: 10 LSTTL loads
• Power Consumption: 0.25 mW (typical)
• Propagation Delay Time: 70 ns (at Vcc = 10V)
• Package Types: 16-pin PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +125°C

Pin Configuration:

1. Q0 – Output 0
2. Q1 – Output 1
3. Q2 – Output 2
4. Q3 – Output 3
5. Q4 – Output 4
6. Q5 – Output 5
7. Q6 – Output 6
8. Q7 – Output 7
9. Q8 – Output 8
10. Q9 – Output 9
11. Clock Inhibit – Inhibits the clock input if HIGH
12. Clock – Clock input
13. Carry Out – Used to cascade additional counters
14. Ground (GND) – Connect to system ground
15. Reset – Resets the count to zero when HIGH
16. Vcc – Supply voltage

Applications:

• LED chasers and sequencers
• Frequency dividers
• Event counters
• Display drivers
• Digital clocks
• Automated testing systems
• Electronic games

Usage:

1. Connection:
   • Connect Vcc to the supply voltage (3V to 15V) and GND to ground.
   • Connect the clock input to the desired clock signal.
   • Use the reset pin to reset the counter to zero when needed.
   • Utilize the decoded outputs (Q0-Q9) for driving LEDs, relays, or other loads.
2. Cascading:
   • Use the carry-out pin to cascade multiple CD4017 ICs for higher counting ranges.
3. Control:
   • Use the clock inhibit pin to pause the counting operation when required.
   • Implement control logic using the decoded outputs for complex sequential operations.

Caution:

• Ensure the supply voltage does not exceed the maximum rated voltage to avoid damage.
• Handle the IC carefully to prevent damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Avoid short-circuiting the output pins to prevent excessive current draw.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the CD4017 Datasheet.

The CD4017 is a 5-stage decade counter/driver that is commonly used in sequential logic applications. It is part of the CMOS 4000 series and features high noise immunity and low power consumption. The IC is capable of counting from 0 to 9 and provides 10 decoded outputs, making it suitable for a variety of applications such as LED chasers, frequency dividers, and event counters.

Key Features:

• 5-stage decade counter with 10 decoded outputs
• High-speed operation
• Synchronous and asynchronous clear
• High noise immunity
• Low power consumption
• Wide supply voltage range
• Direct drive for LEDs

Technical Specifications:

• Operating Voltage: 3V to 15V
• Maximum Clock Frequency: 5 MHz (at Vcc = 10V)
• Output Drive Capability: 10 LSTTL loads
• Power Consumption: 0.25 mW (typical)
• Propagation Delay Time: 70 ns (at Vcc = 10V)
• Package Types: 16-pin PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +125°C

Pin Configuration:

1. Q0 – Output 0
2. Q1 – Output 1
3. Q2 – Output 2
4. Q3 – Output 3
5. Q4 – Output 4
6. Q5 – Output 5
7. Q6 – Output 6
8. Q7 – Output 7
9. Q8 – Output 8
10. Q9 – Output 9
11. Clock Inhibit – Inhibits the clock input if HIGH
12. Clock – Clock input
13. Carry Out – Used to cascade additional counters
14. Ground (GND) – Connect to system ground
15. Reset – Resets the count to zero when HIGH
16. Vcc – Supply voltage

Applications:

• LED chasers and sequencers
• Frequency dividers
• Event counters
• Display drivers
• Digital clocks
• Automated testing systems
• Electronic games

Usage:

1. Connection:
   • Connect Vcc to the supply voltage (3V to 15V) and GND to ground.
   • Connect the clock input to the desired clock signal.
   • Use the reset pin to reset the counter to zero when needed.
   • Utilize the decoded outputs (Q0-Q9) for driving LEDs, relays, or other loads.
2. Cascading:
   • Use the carry-out pin to cascade multiple CD4017 ICs for higher counting ranges.
3. Control:
   • Use the clock inhibit pin to pause the counting operation when required.
   • Implement control logic using the decoded outputs for complex sequential operations.

Caution:

• Ensure the supply voltage does not exceed the maximum rated voltage to avoid damage.
• Handle the IC carefully to prevent damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Avoid short-circuiting the output pins to prevent excessive current draw.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the CD4017 Datasheet.

The USB Multi-Function Tester is a versatile tool designed to measure and display the current and voltage of USB-powered devices. It helps in diagnosing power issues, verifying charging rates, and ensuring proper power delivery. This tester is essential for electronics enthusiasts, technicians, and anyone who needs to monitor USB power characteristics.

Key Features:

• Voltage Measurement: Accurately measures USB output voltage.
• Current Measurement: Measures the current drawn by USB devices.
• Power Calculation: Displays the power consumption in watts.
• Data Logging: Tracks voltage, current, and power over time.
• Overload Protection: Includes protection against overcurrent and overvoltage.
• Compact Design: Small and portable for easy use and storage.
• Clear Display: Features an easy-to-read digital display for real-time data.

Technical Specifications:

• Input Voltage Range: 4.5V to 30V
• Current Measurement Range: 0A to 5A
• Power Measurement Range: 0W to 15W
• Display Type: LCD or OLED
• Accuracy: ±1% for voltage and current measurements
• Connector Type: USB Type-A
• Dimensions: 60mm x 30mm x 15mm
• Weight: 20g

Applications:

• Charging Analysis: Monitors and verifies the charging rates of USB devices.
• Power Supply Testing: Checks the output of USB power supplies and adapters.
• Device Diagnostics: Helps in troubleshooting power issues in USB-powered devices.
• Power Efficiency: Measures and analyzes the power consumption of electronic devices.
• Educational Tool: Useful for learning and understanding USB power characteristics.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the USB Multi-Function Tester Datasheet.

The Photoresistor LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) is a variable resistor whose resistance changes with the light intensity that falls upon it. It is widely used in light sensing applications and projects where detecting light levels is essential. LDRs are cost-effective, easy to use, and suitable for various electronic projects, including light meters, street lights, and other light-sensitive devices.

Key Features:

• Light Sensitivity: Resistance decreases with increasing light intensity
• Simple Interface: Easy to integrate with microcontrollers and analog circuits
• Low Cost: Economical solution for light detection
• Wide Range of Light Detection: Can detect various light levels from low to high intensity
• Compact Size: Fits easily into small projects

Technical Specifications:

• Resistance in Darkness: Typically 1MΩ (depending on specific model)
• Resistance in Bright Light: Typically 10-20kΩ (depending on specific model)
• Spectral Peak: Approximately 540nm (most sensitive to green light)
• Response Time: Rise time ~20ms, fall time ~30ms
• Operating Temperature Range: -30°C to +70°C
• Diameter: Typically 5mm to 10mm (depending on specific model)

Applications:

• Light Meters: Measure light intensity for photography and scientific applications.
• Street Lights: Automatic on/off control based on ambient light levels.
• Alarm Systems: Detect changes in light levels for security purposes.
• Consumer Electronics: Light-sensitive control in devices like clocks and displays.
• Educational Projects: Common component in learning modules for electronics.

Usage:

1. Circuit Integration: Connect the LDR in a voltage divider circuit with a fixed resistor to create a variable voltage output based on light intensity.
2. Microcontroller Interface: Read the voltage output from the LDR circuit using an analog input pin on a microcontroller.
3. Programming: Write code to interpret the analog signal and perform actions based on light levels (e.g., turning on an LED when it gets dark).
4. Testing: Calibrate the LDR circuit for the desired light sensitivity by adjusting the fixed resistor value.

Caution:

• Environment: Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures and humidity, which may affect the LDR’s performance.
• Handling: Handle with care to avoid damaging the sensitive surface of the LDR.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the Photoresistor LDR Datasheet.

The MAX7219 is a versatile LED display driver IC from Maxim Integrated, designed for controlling 7-segment displays, bar graphs, and other LED configurations. It simplifies the process of driving multiple LEDs by handling the multiplexing and providing control over brightness and data. The MAX7219 is widely used in digital clocks, counters, and various LED display applications.

Key Features:

• Drives up to 8 digits of 7-segment displays or 64 individual LEDs
• Integrated BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) to 7-segment decoding
• Serial communication via SPI interface
• Built-in display memory and digit drivers
• Adjustable brightness with 16 levels of intensity
• Low power consumption
• Easy cascading of multiple ICs for larger displays

Technical Specifications:

• IC Type: LED Display Driver
• Control Interface: SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
• Output Channels: 8 (for 7-segment displays) or 64 LEDs
• Brightness Levels: 16
• Operating Voltage: 4.0V to 5.5V
• Current Per Segment: Up to 40mA
• Current Per Digit: Up to 320mA
• Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C
• Package Type: DIP-24, SOIC-24, or TSSOP-24

Applications:

• Digital clocks and timers
• LED displays for counters and indicators
• Home appliances and consumer electronics
• Industrial equipment displays
• Prototyping and development projects

Usage:

1. Connect the MAX7219 to your microcontroller via the SPI interface (DIN, CLK, CS).
2. Connect the 7-segment displays or LEDs to the output pins of the MAX7219.
3. Configure the display settings and data via the SPI communication protocol.
4. Use the MAX7219 to drive and control the displays, adjusting brightness as needed.

Caution:

• Ensure proper connection of the SPI interface and power supply to avoid malfunction.
• Verify the current ratings and resistors used with the LEDs to prevent damage.
• Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for wiring and programming.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the MAX7219 Datasheet.

The Atmel 89C51 is a popular 8-bit microcontroller from the MCS-51 family, widely used in embedded systems and applications requiring control and automation. It features a robust set of peripherals and is compatible with the standard 8051 instruction set, making it suitable for various industrial, consumer, and automotive applications.

Key Features:

• 8-bit microcontroller based on the MCS-51 architecture
• 4KB of in-system programmable Flash memory
• 128 bytes of on-chip RAM
• 32 programmable I/O lines
• Two 16-bit timer/counters
• Full-duplex UART for serial communication
• On-chip oscillator and clock circuitry
• Interrupt support with two priority levels
• Watchdog timer for system reliability
• Low-power idle and power-down modes

Technical Specifications:

• CPU: 8-bit 8051 core
• Flash Memory: 4KB
• RAM: 128 bytes
• EEPROM: None (external EEPROM can be used if needed)
• I/O Pins: 32 (four 8-bit ports)
• Timers/Counters: Two 16-bit
• Serial Communication: UART
• Operating Voltage: 4.0V to 5.5V
• Clock Frequency: Up to 24 MHz
• Power Consumption: Low power modes available
• Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C
• Package Type: DIP-40, PLCC-44, or QFP-44

Applications:

• Industrial control systems
• Consumer electronics
• Automotive systems
• Home automation
• Robotics
• Data acquisition systems

Usage:

1. Program the 89C51 using an appropriate programmer with the desired firmware.
2. Connect the necessary peripherals and sensors to the microcontroller’s I/O pins.
3. Configure the microcontroller’s settings and features via software.
4. Integrate the microcontroller into your electronic circuit for specific tasks and control functions.

Caution:

• Ensure proper handling and storage to avoid damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Verify correct power supply voltage and connections before powering the device.
• Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for programming and operation.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the Atmel 89C51 Datasheet.

The 74HC595 is an 8-bit serial-in, parallel-out shift register with an 8-bit storage register. The device features a serial data input (DS), eight parallel data outputs (Q0-Q7), and a serial output for cascading (Q7′). It is commonly used to expand the number of I/O pins available on a microcontroller, enabling control of multiple outputs with a few pins.

Key Features:

• 8-bit serial-in, parallel-out shift register
• 8-bit storage register with tri-state outputs
• Serial input (DS) and serial output for cascading (Q7′)
• Three-state outputs (Q0-Q7)
• Low power consumption
• High-speed operation
• Cascadable with multiple 74HC595 ICs

Technical Specifications:

• Operating Voltage: 2V to 6V
• Maximum Clock Frequency: 100 MHz (at Vcc = 4.5V to 5.5V)
• Current Consumption: 80 μA (maximum, at Vcc = 6V)
• Output Current per Pin: 35 mA (maximum)
• Total Current through Vcc/GND: 70 mA (maximum)
• Propagation Delay Time: 23 ns (at Vcc = 5V)
• Package Types: 16-pin PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP
• Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to +125°C

Applications:

• LED displays
• Keypad interfaces
• Data acquisition systems
• Digital signal processing
• Memory addressing
• Control systems

Usage:

1. Connection:
   • Connect the Vcc pin to a 5V power supply (or appropriate voltage within the operating range).
   • Connect the GND pin to ground.
   • Connect the serial data input (DS) to the microcontroller’s data output pin.
   • Connect the clock input (SH_CP) and latch input (ST_CP) to the microcontroller’s clock and latch control pins.
   • Connect the parallel outputs (Q0-Q7) to the desired peripheral devices.
   • Use the serial output (Q7′) to cascade additional 74HC595 shift registers if needed.
2. Operation:
   • Send serial data to the DS pin while providing clock pulses to SH_CP.
   • Latch the data to the output pins by providing a pulse to the ST_CP pin.
   • Control multiple 74HC595 ICs in series by connecting the Q7′ of one to the DS of the next.
3. Programming:
   • Write code on the microcontroller to control the shift register.
   • Shift in data bits and latch them to update the outputs as needed.

Caution:

• Ensure the supply voltage does not exceed the maximum rated voltage to avoid damage to the IC.
• Handle the IC carefully to prevent damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Avoid exceeding the maximum current ratings to prevent overheating and damage.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the 74HC595 Datasheet.

The Atmega 32 is an 8-bit AVR microcontroller from Microchip Technology, known for its high performance and low power consumption. It features a powerful instruction set and a variety of built-in peripherals, making it suitable for a wide range of embedded applications including industrial control, home automation, consumer electronics, and automotive systems.

Key Features:

• 8-bit AVR RISC architecture
• 32 kB of In-System Self-Programmable Flash memory
• 2 kB SRAM for data storage
• 1 kB EEPROM for non-volatile data storage
• 32 general purpose I/O lines
• 3 Timers (2 x 8-bit, 1 x 16-bit)
• 8-channel, 10-bit ADC
• 4 PWM channels
• USART, SPI, and I2C communication interfaces
• Watchdog Timer with separate on-chip oscillator
• On-chip Analog Comparator
• Programmable Serial USART
• Supports external and internal interrupts
• In-System Programming (ISP) via SPI port
• JTAG interface for on-chip debugging

Technical Specifications:

• Package Types: 40-pin PDIP, 44-pin TQFP, 44-pin QFN/MLF
• Operating Voltage: 2.7V to 5.5V
• Clock Speed: Up to 16 MHz
• Flash Memory: 32 kB
• SRAM: 2 kB
• EEPROM: 1 kB
• I/O Pins: 32
• Timers: Two 8-bit, one 16-bit
• ADC Resolution: 10-bit
• ADC Channels: 8
• Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C

Applications:

• Industrial automation
• Consumer electronics
• Home automation systems
• Automotive applications
• Data acquisition systems
• Robotics
• Security systems

Usage:

1. Programming:
   • Program the Atmega 32 using a compatible programmer or development kit.
   • Utilize ISP for convenient in-system programming.
2. Peripheral Configuration:
   • Configure I/O pins, timers, ADC, PWM, and communication interfaces via software.
   • Use the integrated peripherals to interface with sensors, actuators, and other devices.
3. Application Development:
   • Write and upload firmware to the microcontroller using development environments such as Atmel Studio.
   • Utilize libraries and example codes to speed up the development process.
4. Deployment:
   • Integrate the programmed microcontroller into your electronic circuit.
   • Ensure proper power supply and signal connections to avoid damage and ensure optimal performance.

Caution:

• Handle the microcontroller with care to avoid damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Verify the correct power supply voltage and connections before powering the device.
• Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for programming and operation to ensure reliability and longevity.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the Atmega 32 Datasheet.

The 4N35 is a general-purpose optocoupler that consists of an infrared LED and a silicon phototransistor. It is designed to provide electrical isolation between input and output circuits while allowing signal transmission. This optocoupler is widely used in applications requiring noise isolation, signal isolation, and interface compatibility between high voltage and low voltage systems.

Key Features:

• High isolation voltage (typically 5,000 Vrms)
• Fast switching speed
• Low input current requirements
• Wide operating temperature range
• Compact and reliable design
• Compatible with various digital and analog circuits

Technical Specifications:

• Isolation Voltage: 5,000 Vrms (min)
• Input LED Forward Voltage: 1.2V (typ), 1.5V (max)
• Input LED Forward Current: 10mA (typ), 60mA (max)
• Collector-Emitter Voltage (VCEO): 30V (max)
• Collector Current (IC): 50mA (max)
• Current Transfer Ratio (CTR): 20% to 300% (at IF = 10mA, VCE = 5V)
• Rise Time (tr): 3µs (typ)
• Fall Time (tf): 2µs (typ)
• Package Type: 6-pin DIP
• Operating Temperature Range: -55°C to +100°C

Applications:

• Signal isolation in communication systems
• Switching power supplies
• Microcontroller interface isolation
• Motor control circuits
• Industrial automation systems
• Data acquisition systems

Usage:

1. Circuit Design:
   • Connect the anode of the input LED to the control signal source and the cathode to the ground, through a current-limiting resistor.
   • Connect the collector of the phototransistor to the load or the microcontroller input, and the emitter to the ground.
2. Current Limiting:
   • Calculate and use an appropriate current-limiting resistor for the LED input to ensure it operates within the specified current range.
3. Isolation:
   • Ensure that the input and output sides of the optocoupler are properly isolated to prevent electrical interference and maintain safety.
4. Testing:
   • Verify the functionality of the optocoupler by applying a control signal to the LED input and observing the output response.

Caution:

• Handle the optocoupler with care to avoid damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
• Verify the electrical ratings and ensure the device operates within specified limits to avoid damage.
• Keep the input and output circuits isolated to maintain the integrity of the isolation barrier.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical specifications, refer to the 4N35 Datasheet.

The 12V Mini Waterproof Pump is a compact, high-efficiency pump designed for a variety of applications requiring water movement or transfer. It is waterproof, allowing it to be used in submerged or wet environments. Its small size and robust performance make it ideal for use in aquariums, small fountains, cooling systems, and portable water systems.

Key Features:

• Compact and space-efficient
• Waterproof and suitable for submersible use
• High flow rate with low power consumption
• Durable construction with long service life
• Quiet operation

Technical Specifications:

• Operating Voltage: 12V DC
• Flow Rate: 180-250 liters per hour (L/h)
• Maximum Head (Lift): 1.5m to 2m
• Power Consumption: 4-6W
• Operating Temperature Range: 0°C to +60°C
• Dimensions: 60mm x 40mm x 40mm (length x width x height, approximate)
• Weight: 90g
• Inlet/Outlet Size: 6mm (barbed connectors)
• Material: Plastic body, rubber seals

Applications:     

• Aquariums: Ideal for water circulation and filtration.
• Fountains: Suitable for small decorative water features and fountains.
• Portable Water Systems: Useful in camping, boating, and portable water transfer applications.
• Hydroponics: Employed in hydroponic systems for circulating nutrient solutions.
• Cooling Systems: Applied in small electronic cooling and machinery cooling systems.

Datasheet:
For detailed technical information, refer to the 12V Mini Waterproof Pump Datasheet provided by the manufacturer.